「による」 directly modifies nouns and can express causes, means, or agents. This guide explains patterns such as 「地震による被害」 and 「AIによる自動翻訳」, compares 「による」 with 「によって」 and 「により」, and also looks at the Korean equivalent 「에 의한」.

「に照らして」 is a JLPT N1 expression used when something is evaluated against a standard such as a law, rule, fact, or past experience. This guide covers its structure, major uses, formal nuance, differences from 「に基づいて」 and 「に則り」, and its relationship with Korean 「-에 비추어」.

「ことにする」 expresses a decision made by the speaker, while 「ことになる」 describes an outcome determined by other people, organizations, rules, or circumstances. This guide also compares 「ことにしている」 with 「ことになっている」, explains indirect uses of 「ことになりました」, and relates the patterns to Korean 「-기로 하다」 and 「-게 되다」.