「による」 directly modifies nouns and can express causes, means, or agents. This guide explains patterns such as 「地震による被害」 and 「AIによる自動翻訳」, compares 「による」 with 「によって」 and 「により」, and also looks at the Korean equivalent 「에 의한」.
Category: LEARN JAPANESE
How to Use Japanese 「に照らして」: Meaning, Usage, and Key Differences
「に照らして」 is a JLPT N1 expression used when something is evaluated against a standard such as a law, rule, fact, or past experience. This guide covers its structure, major uses, formal nuance, differences from 「に基づいて」 and 「に則り」, and its relationship with Korean 「-에 비추어」.
Japanese 「〜ば〜ほど」: How to Express “The More…, the More…”
「〜ば〜ほど」 is a core JLPT N3 pattern for proportional change: “the more…, the more…”. The article explains verb, い-adjective, な-adjective, and noun patterns, omission of the first 「〜ば」, common 「〜ば〜ほどいい」 expressions, differences from 「〜ば〜だけ」 and 「一方だ」, and comparison with Korean 「〜을/를수록」.
「に先駆けて」 vs 「に先立って」｜How to Tell “Before” from “Leading the Way”
Both 「に先駆けて」 and 「に先立って」 can mean “before,” but 「に先駆けて」 also carries the idea of leading, pioneering, or acting ahead of others. This guide compares their grammar, nuances, examples, business usage, and Korean equivalents.
How to Use the Japanese Causative 「〜せる／〜させる」: Conjugation, Particles, Compulsion, and Permission
The Japanese causative does more than express forcing someone to do something. It can also indicate permission, letting someone act freely, or causing an emotional reaction. This guide covers causative conjugation across the three verb groups, に and を particle rules, the differences between compulsion, permission, and emotional causation, workplace 「〜させていただく」, and comparison with Korean 「〜게 하다／시키다」.
「おかげで」 vs 「せいで」: Meaning, Usage, and Nuance in Japanese
A complete guide to Japanese 「おかげで」 and 「せいで」, covering their positive and negative nuances, attachment rules, sarcastic usage, common mistakes, practical dialogues, and comparison with Korean 「덕분에／때문에」.
「ことにする」 vs 「ことになる」: How to Tell the Difference in Japanese
「ことにする」 expresses a decision made by the speaker, while 「ことになる」 describes an outcome determined by other people, organizations, rules, or circumstances. This guide also compares 「ことにしている」 with 「ことになっている」, explains indirect uses of 「ことになりました」, and relates the patterns to Korean 「-기로 하다」 and 「-게 되다」.
How Japanese Adnominal Modification Works: 4 Types, Rules, and Examples
A complete guide to Japanese adnominal modification covering four major modifier types, attachment patterns, nuance, practical conversation examples, strategies for parsing long noun-modifying clauses, and comparison with Korean 관형사형.
Japanese 「〜ために」 vs. 「〜ように」｜Usage, Verb Types, and Key Differences
「ために」 and 「ように」 both express purpose, but the choice depends on whether the goal can be directly controlled through volition and whether the two clauses share the same subject. This guide compares their grammar, verb types, examples, travel usage, common mistakes, and Korean 「-기 위해서」.
「なんか」 vs. 「なんて」: A Complete Guide to Their Uses, Grammar, and Nuance
「なんか」 and 「なんて」 are both extremely common in spoken Japanese, but their grammatical restrictions and emotional functions differ. This article explains the example-giving, dismissive, adverbial, exclamatory, and interrogative uses through examples, comparison tables, real-life dialogues, and Korean parallels.
Mastering Japanese ‘さえ’: Unpacking Its Three Core Uses and Grammar
This article thoroughly explains the three main uses of the Japanese particle ‘sae’: analogy (‘even…’), addition (‘even…’), and the conditional ‘sae~ba’. It also includes a comparison with ‘sura’ and Korean grammatical counterparts.